alwazzao almasHuurao (The Enchanted Goose)

alwazzao     almasHuurao
the goose     the sihir_ato


saHara     saaHir         masHuur
sihir_is    sihir_anto    sihir_ato


fee qadeemi alzamaani kaana

Sentence with nouns (Jumlah Ismiyyah)

Rules for sentences
specific + not-specific
specific + specific(desc) + not specific + not specific(desc)
specific + pronoun + specific


Examples:

the teacher is tall.
the teach_anto tall_anto

He is a teacher.
He teach_anto

The man is a teacher.
The man teach_anto

The tall man is a teacher.
The man the tall_anto teach_anto

The tall man is a fat teacher.
The man the tall_anto  teach-anto fat_anto

The tall man is the teacher.
The man the tall_anto huwa  the teach_anto

Exercise 1

Form of faaEil

faaEil   faEil   faElaan(most)       faEeel(most)  faEEal(repeats)
            malik    raHmaan   raHeem                     sayyaarao


part of Surah alFaatihah.

maaliki                  yaumi        aldeeni
the own_anto of   the day of   recompense_i

'iyyaa   ka      naEbudu               wa    'iyyaa  ka    nastaEeenu
only     you    we worship_as     and     only   you  we ask for help_as

*read about kata majmuk. yaumi aldeeni is kata majmuk.

Recognize words from sentence.

thing.
thingdo.
others

bi        smi    allahi   alrahmaani alraheemi
others  thing  thing  

alhamdu lillaahi rabbi alEaalameena

Sarf / Conjugation / Imbuhan

It is a verb that we can change its form by adding imbuhan and get different meaning.


 I faEala,
II faEEala
III faaEala,
IV 'afEala,
V tafaEEala,
VI tafaaEala,
VII 'iftaCEala,
VIII 'infaEala,
IX 'ifEalla,
X  istafEala

Daraba	yaDribu	Darbaan	Daaribun	maDruubun	iDrib	maDrab (place)	miDrab (tool)
_is	_as Cell	_i	_anto	_ato	_u	_eyo	_ilo

How to read dictionary and mapping with Esperanto.

How to read dictionary. E.g:
Hasaba u (Hasb, Hisaab, Hisbaan, Husbaan) to compute, to count, etc. etc

The arrangement follows the pattern of Daraba yaDribu Darbaan.
u is for now: yaHsubu
and Darbaan has many forms. Can be Hasb, Hisaab etc.

Mapping with Esperanto

For thingdo/verb:
past _is
now _as
later _os

Daraba       _is
yaDribu     _a
Darbaan     _i
Daaribun    -anto
maDruubun  -ato
iDrib   _u
(place) maDrab  _eyo
(tool) miDrab   _ilo

The Building Block.

thing:   specific: the frog,
         not specific: a frog
thingdo: specific: employed, employing, will employ,
         not specific: employment
thing desc: fat, big
thingdo desc: quickly, slowly

time: now, just now, later (specific)
       employment       (any)
      eye, memory,   imagination
frog jumping
     jumped
     will jump

thing description: fat   (adjective)
thingdo description: quickly  (adverb)

frog jumping quickly
fat frog jumped

the frog jumped quickly (specific)
a frog jumped quickly   (any)

the frog is fat
the frog, fat.
the frogs, fats.

032/03

'am yaquuluuna   aftaraa            hu      bal  huwa alhaqqu   min    rabbi ka     li   tunvira              
or   do they say    he has forged  it?     nay  it       the truth  from   lord  your      you admonish          

qaumaan    maa     'ataa            hum  min    naveerin   min    qabli     ka    laEalla  hum    yahtaduuna
 a people     no       has come     they  from   a warner  from  before  you  in order  they    they receive guidance

032/02

tanzeelu                alkitaabi   laa raiba  fee hi   min   rabbi              alEaalameena
the revelation of   the book   no  doubt in   it   from  the Lord of    the worlds

032/01

'alif laam meem

087/04

wa  allavee aqraja           almarEaa
and  who     brings out    the pasture

087/03

wa   allavee    Qaddara         fa    hadaa
and  who        has ordained  and  granted guidance

Overview of Arabic Grammar.

Written by Fz.

Overview of Grammar

Noun

The word “doctor” is a “noun”; so are “dog”, and “book”. A “noun” is word that represent things. They also represent things that are not really things but can be said to be thing-like: feelings, idea, concept.

Articles

The word “the” in “the doctor” is called a “definite article”. The word “a” in “a doctor” is called an “indefinite article”.

Subject-Predicate

The doctor is beautiful.

A sentence is made up of two parts: the “subject” and the “predicate”. In the sentence above, “The doctor” is called the “subject”, meaning the thing or topic we wish to talk about; whereas, “is beautiful” is called the “predicate”, meaning the part that explains the “subject”. By the way, the word “predicate” itself means “declaration”.

Adjective

The doctor is beautiful.

The beautiful doctor is tall.

The word “beautiful” in both the sentences above is called an “adjective”. An “adjective” is a word that describes other nouns, in this case it describes “the doctor”. To easily differentiate between the word “beautiful” in both sentences, the “beautiful” in the first sentence is called a “predicate adjective”, because it is in the “predicate” part of the sentence. Whereas, the word “beautiful” in the second sentence is called just an “adjective” (because it is in the “subject” part of the sentence).

Subject-Verb-Object

The doctor striked the patient.

The word “The doctor” in the sentence above, is the “subject”, meaning the thing we wish to talk about. It may also be called the “actor” or the “agent” of the action in the sentence, in this case “striked”. The word “striked” is called a “verb”, meaning a word that represents an “action”, done by the “subject”. The word “the patient” is called the “object of the verb” or just the “object”, meaning the thing that receives the action of the “verb”.

Adverb

The doctor striked the patient beautifully.

The word “beautifully” is called an “adverb”. It describes how the “action” was done. Notice that “beautifully” is just the adjective “beautiful” with a “ly” tacked on its end. The description of a “noun” is called an “adjective”; the description of a “verb” is called an “adverb”.

Particles

From, to, behind, in front of, today – are words that are not nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs. They are almost always followed by a “noun” (eg. “from the school”; where “the school” is a “noun”).

In conclusion:

Noun = thing word

Adjective = thing description word (which is in the subject)

Predicate Adjective = thing description word (which is in the predicate)

Verb = action word

Adverb = action description word

Object = thing word that receives action

Subject = something we wish to talk about

Predicate = explanation about the something (we wish to talk about)

Arabic Grammar

From the word “thabba” which means “he treated (someone) medically”, we can get the “doer” that is “thabiybun” which means “the treat-er”. It can be seen that Arabic does not use an “affix” like English’s “er” but it uses a template-like method. In this case the template –a-iy- is used. To obtain the “doer”, the “-“ in the template is replaced by the three letters of the root. Also interesting to note, in Arabic the root word is a “verb” in the “past tense”.

From the word “jamula” which means “he was beautiful” we can obtain the “doer” “jamiylun” which means “a beautiful-er”. A more accurate translation would be “a beautiful person” or “a beautiful thing” or “a beautiful one” (depending on context). Notice that the verb is not a normal verb; it does not represent an “action” but instead it represents a “state”. These kinds of verbs are usually called a “state-verb”, and is not available in English.

From the word “thawula” which means “he was tall” we can obtain the “doer” which is “thawiylun” which can be translated as “a tall person/thing/one”.

From the word “maridha” which means “he was ill” we can obtain the “doer” “mariydh” whichs means “an ill person/thing/one”.

The following are the translation of the examples given above:

althabiybu jamiylun

= the-doctor a-beautifulPerson

= The doctor is beautiful.

althabiybu aljamiylu thawiylun

= the-doctor the-beautifulOne a-tallPerson

= The beautiful doctor is tall.

althabiybu dharaba almariydha

= the-doctor striked the-patient

= The doctor striked the patient.

althabiybu dharaba almariydha jamiylan

= the-doctor striked the-patient a-beautifulPerson

= the-doctor striked the-patient (as) a-beautifulPerson

= The doctor striked the patient beautifully.

087/02

allavie qalaQa              fa                 sawwae
who      has created     and further    ii. to propotion,fashion

087/01

sabbihi asma               rabbi ka      al'aElae

glorify  the name of    lord   your  Most High

maqaadeer altabuulao

zait               alzaituun
oil                  olive
pl: zuyuut

مقادير التبولة – 4 وجبات

maqaadeer recipe altabuulao (Syiria/Lebanon) a kind of salad wajibaat servings

2 ضمة بقدرونس مفروم ناعم
Damao: 
mafruum chopped
naaEima  to be or become fine/powdery
baqduunis parsley

¼ ضمة نعنع مفرومة ناعم
naEnaE mint

3 ملاعق كبيرة برغل ناعم
milEaqao spoon malaaEiq plural for spoon. malaaEiq kabeerao tablespoons

4 بندورة banduurao(Syria) tomatoes 

1 بصل  متوسط الحجم
baSal onion mutawasaT alHajm middle size

Zahara.

Selawat.

Written by Fz.

Ini satu senario yang biase kita jumpe di masjid, sewaktu solat terawih:

Bilal:	Sxalluu	عalay	hi !
	Berselawatlah	atas	nya (rasuulu Allaah)
Ma’muum:	Sxalluu	عalay	hi !
	Berselawatlah	atas	nya (rasuulu Allaah)

Bilal pesan kpd orang ramai utk berselawat. Ma’muum pun pesan kat orang ramai utk berselawat. End up, takde sape yang selawat atas nabi!

Ape nak buat, tak paham bahase...Arab.    :P

Lagi satu senario ialah sewaktu solat jumaat:

Bilal:	‘inna Allaaha wa malaa’ika(h)a hu yusxalluuna عalaa alnabiyyi, yaa ‘ayyuhaa alladziyna ‘aamanuu sxalluu عalay hi wa sallimuu hu tasliyma(n) Sesungguhnya Allaah dan malaikat2 nya berselawat atas nabi, Wahai org2 beriman berselawatlah atas nya dan berilah salaam (pada)nya byk2.
Ma’muum:	(Khushuu ع dan tawaadhu ع...tido)

waladun, waladan dan waladin.

Written by Fz.

Dia telah mendengar seorang budak.

Kita pun rujuk qaamuus, kita dapati perkataan Arab utk dia telah mendengar ialah samiعa, dan utk seorang budak ialah waladun. So bila kita ganti ke dalam ayat...

	samiعa	waladun
	Dia telah mendengar	seorang budak

So kita pun seronok kerana telah berjaya menterjemah ayat kita yang pertama!

Unfortunately, terjemahan ayat ini bukanlah Dia telah mendengar seorang budak sebaliknya ialah Seorang budak telah mendengar.

	samiعa	waladun
	Dia telah mendengar	seorang budak
	= Seorang budak telah mendengar

Kat mana silapnya?

Sebenarnya, perkataan seorang budak boleh diterjemahkan kpd waladun, waladan atau waladin. Rupanya, kita telah mengambil option-1...

	samiعa	waladun
		waladan
		waladin
	Dia telah mendengar	seorang budak

Option-1 mengatakan dia di dalam ayat merujuk kpd seorang budak. So, bila kita terjemah, perkataan dia kita buang, dan gantikan dgn perkataan seorang budak.

	samiعa	waladun
		waladan
		waladin
	Dia telah mendengar	seorang budak
	^--------------------------------------^
	= Dia Seorang budak telah mendengar seorang budak.

Untuk elakkan perubahan ini, kita buleh amik option-2. Option ini tidak mengganggu perkataan dia di dalam ayat.

	samiعa	waladun
		waladan
		waladin
	dia telah mendengar	seorang budak
	^---x
	=Dia telah mendengar seorang budak.

Option-3 kita cite lain hari...

Kesimpulan:

1.       Option-1 menentukan dia di dalam ayat merujuk kpd siapa.

2.       Option-2 tidak mengganggu dia di dalam ayat

3.       Option-3 tak relevan dalam contoh ini

So, bila kita iعtidaal...

	samiعa	Allaahu
		Allaaha
		Allaahi
	dia telah mendengar	Allaah
	^------------------------------^
	=Allaah telah mendengar...

Abdullah, Abdallah dan Abdillah.

Written by Fz.

Biasanya, kita anggap nama Abdullah, Abdallah dan Abdillah adalah nama 3 orang yang berbeza. Di dalam bahasa Earab tidak begitu. In fact, nama Sayful, Sayfal dan Sayfil pon nama yang sama, cuma tak pernah plak dengar nama orang camtu.

Anyway, sebelum kita hurai lebih lanjut, kita ubah sikit ejaan dia ke yang lebih tepat: Eabdu Allaah, Eabda Allaah dan Eabdi Allaah (nota: “E” mewakili huruf ayn).

Cuba tengok ayat2 berikut...

1.       Seekor kucing telah mencakar Eabda Allaah.

2.       Eabdu Allaah telah memukul kucing itu.

3.       Kucing itu lari dari Eabdi Allaah.

4.       Kata emaknya, “Yaa Eabda Allaah, kucing tu nak main-main je lah!”.

Nama Eabdu Allaah akan berubah mengikut lokasi atau peranan perkataan itu dalam ayat. Fenomena ini tak ade dalam bahse Melayu, dalam English ade sikit, contoh kalau kita amik perkataan “he”..

1.       Seekor kucing telah mencakar him.

2.       He telah memukul kucing itu.

3.       Kucing itu lari dari him.

4.       Kata emaknya, “Yaa ??, kucing tu main-main je”. (tak boleh apply kat sini kot...)

Kalau kita check buku nahu, dia akan explain sebab perubahan tu...

               

1.       objek kpd perbuatan mencakar

2.       subjek (yg melakukan perbuatan) kpd perbuatan memukul

3.       objek kpd perkataan dari

4.       seruan

Contohnya dalam ayat alQur’aan di bawah, perhatikan allayla yg menjadi allayli, dan alnahaari yang menjadi alnahaara... (BTW, Faizal dulu ingatallayla jadi allayli sebab silap printing! Maeluum lah, dulu tak paham bahasa......Arab..   :P    )

	tuuliju	allayla	fiy	alnaahari,	wa
	‘anta memasukkan	malam	ke dalam	siang,	dan
	tuuliju	alnahaara	fiy	allayli.
	‘anta memasukkan	siang	ke dalam	malam.

Kesimpulannya, perkataan spt katak, buku, kereta dsbnya (yg  merujuk pd benda, dipanggil kata-nama, noun atau ism) ada 3 jenis yg hujung dia lain sikit.

Bila kita nak terjemah dari Melayu ke Earab, perkataan2 ini perlu dibayangkan sbg drop-down...

                

Bahasa English pun, untuk perkataan dia, kami, etc (dipanggil kata ganti-nama atau pronoun), kena lalui proses yang sama...

                

Banyaknya option? Yang mana satu nak pakai? Itu bergantung pada peranan perkataan tu di dalam ayat.

095/01

wa alTeeni wa alzaituuni
by  the fig  and the olive

Understanding al (the) in Arabic.

Written by Fz.

Imagine you have a box will all kinds of praises in it. When you wish to give someone a praise, you put your hand into the box, with your eyes closed, grab one and give a praise item to him.

When you wish to give someone the praise, you put your hand into the box, with your eyes open, grab the one you like and give the praise item to him.

(Important to note that a and the always refer to only one item, never more than one.)

But sometimes you like a person so much, you extend your hand and give him the praise box with all the praises in it!


With that analogy in mind, when we say Hamdun in Arabic, it is like giving someone a praise item (meaning any praise).

When we say al-Hamdu, it is like giving someone the praise item (meaning a specific praise).

But in a certain context, when we say al-Hamdu, it is like giving someone the praise box! (or in other words: giving him all praise)

Hence, In al-faatiHah,

    al-Hamdu li llaahi

can mean

    the praise is for Allah

or

    the praise category (or in other words: all praise) is for Allah.


In this context, the first one doesn’t make much sense. When someone says the praise is for Allah, it raises the question: which praise do you mean?

Hence, in this context, the second meaning makes more sense, that is: All praise is for Allah.

093/11

wa     'ammaa bi niEmaoi          rabbi  ka     fa   Haddix
and    as for         the favour of  Lord   your  so  do announce/proclaim

haddaxa : to declare/narrate

093/10

wa    'ammaa alsaa'ila                                                           fa laa      tanhar
and as for      the petitioner/the one who demands               so dont   repulse

093/09

fa                'ammaa alyateema        fa    laa   taqhar
Therefor      as for       the orphans   so    no  harshness

093/08

wa       wajada    ka     Eaa'ilan          fa       'agnaa
And     he found you    poor/needy   and   made you independent

093/07

wa      wajada      ka      Daallaan     fa      hadaa
And     he found you     wandering  and   he gave u guidance

Daalun :  one who wander away/ goes astray

096/19

kallaa laa tuTiEhu        wa sjud               wa     qtarib
Nay     not   obey him   but  bow down  and    bring yourself closer

096/18

sa      nadEu    alzzabaaniyata
Will    we call    the angels of punishment

096/17

fal             yadEu         naadiyahu
Then let     him call   councils his

096/16

naaSiyaTin  kaaveebatin KaaTi'atin
A forelock    a lying one      a sinful one

096/15

kalla la        'in lam yantahi la nasfaEaa                bi       alnaaSiyaoi
Nay! truly   if   not   he stops  we will drag him    by     the forelock

kalla : not at all! Certainly not! By no means!
safaEa: to drag along

096/14

'a         lam yaElam       bi 'anna allaha yaraeaa
Does  not   he knows   that        Allah   he observes.

096/13

'ara'aita           'in kavvaba      wa    tawallaa
Do u think        if   he denies   and    he turned his back

'ara'aita :
Look at that!/there u are!

kavaba: Berdusta.  kavvaba: mendustakan. to accuse someone of lying.

096/12

'au 'amara                                                      bi       altaQwaa
Or   to order/to command/to entrust    with   piety

096/11

'ara'aita                'in kaana Ealaa alhudaa
Do u consider      if                  on      the right guidance